Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles, and. The copper refrigerant tube a tube that connects these air conditioner parts well be discussing the ac cycle from splitcentral air. Simulation analysis of compression refrigeration cycle with different refrigerants p. This video is an animation of how the refrigeration cycle works, with each components function. Just as the vapors are used for cooling in the vapor compression cycle and vapor absorption cycle, the gas is used for cooling in gas refrigeration cycle. Feb 18, 2015 this is the basic refrigeration cycle applied to a 10 seer r22 fixed orifice air conditioning system. Ch cl f2 r22 40 5 ch f3 r23 84 5 c cl2 f c cl f2 r1 47 4. The refrigeration system consists of a simple direct expansion refrigeration cycle with. R22 showed a cycle cop and a second law efficiency that are 2%. Refrigerant r22 properties properties of refrigerant r22 dichlorodifluoromethane saturated liquid and saturated vapor imperial and metric units. Results and analysis applying the different equations for the refrigeration cycle as shown in fig. The study was conducted using a semitheoretical model, cycle11, with a pure crossflow representation of heat transfer in the evaporator and. Didion abstract the report presents the performance evaluation of nine r22 alternatives and three r502 alternatives.
A refrigeration cycle works on essentially the same principle that makes your hand feel cold when water is evaporating off of it. All air conditioner units must have the five basic components to work. Knowing the temperature difference across the coils, the amperage, and the airflow all give the technician vital information. R22 is a single hydrochlorofluorocarbon hcfc compound.
Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant. It is a measure of how much heat a gas or liquid can hold and how much heat is needed to change the temperature. Condenser cooling mediums are usually fan or water. Thermodynamics tutorial 5 heat pumps and refrigeration on completion of this tutorial you should be able to do the following. The direction of the cyclic process in thets diagram determines w hether this is a heat pump cycle refrigeration cycle or a work machine cycle steam power cycle.
The small condensing surface required by a domestic. Case1 the basics of refrigeration cycle ph diagram analysis. Because the temperature of air or gas drops during expansion, a. This is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a gas. This video is an animation of how the refrigeration cycle.
R22 chclf 2 has less chlorine, a little better for the. A twostage refrigeration cycle consider a twostage cascade refrigeration system operating between pressure limits of 0. When the gas is throttled from very high pressure to low pressure in the throttling valve, its temperature reduces suddenly while its enthalpy remains constant. It has low chlorine content and ozone depletion potential and a modest global warming potential. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. Liquid subcooling is the only method that prevents refrigerant flashing to gas due to pressure drops in the line. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Cascade cycle is used where a very wide range of temperature between tl and th is required. Technical information at22 thermodynamic properties of dupontz freon. Carnot cycle, here the enclosed area is a rectangle. R1270, r32, r22, and r152a, in vapor compression refrigeration cycles and heat pumps was investigated. Vapor compression refrigeration systems are used for a variety of cooling refrigeration applications. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator at 20oc and has a condenser pressure of 0. Refrigerant 4a is the working fluid in an ideal compression refrigeration cycle.
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted on the earths surface by the weight of the air in the atmosphere above the earths surface. Analyses was made on the ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle and a second cycle which was created by adding subcool and superheat regions on the first one. System description the layout of the system is shown in figure 1. Performance of a new refrigeration cycle using refrigerant. R407c is not as efficient as the performance of a r410a system. Refrigeration systems refer to the different physical components that make up the total refrigeration unit. The study was conducted using a semitheoretical model, cycle 11, with a pure crossflow representation of heat transfer in the evaporator and. The performance comparison of the different refrigerants is based on ar. Refrigeration cycle is the basis of all refrigeration systems. Before we dive in, lets get an understanding of four key concepts.
So refrigeration cycle should be known to understand the refrigeration system. Find copr and copr, carnot for the same tmax and tmin, and the tons of refrigeration. Cascading improves the cop of a refrigeration cycle. This is the basic refrigeration cycle applied to a 10 seer r22 fixed orifice air conditioning system. Hydrocarbon refrigerants such as r290, r600a, r1270 as well as their blend mixtures in various ratios. The refrigeration condenser coil accepts hot, highpressure gas from the compressor and cools it to remove first the superheat and then the latent heat so that refrigerant condenses back to a liquid state. Refrigeration cycle refrigeration is the transfer of heat from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region refrigeration cycle is the vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, where the refrigerant is vaporized and condenses alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase. The vapor compression cycle uses the refrigerant to transport heat from the cold side to the hot side of a refrigeration system, heat pump, or air conditioning system. Vapor compression refrigeration systems are used for a variety of coolingrefrigeration applications. R22 can be used in small heat pump systems, but new systems can not be manufactured for use in the eu after 2003. Find refrigeration cycle stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. This guideline applies to vapourcompressioncycle refrigeration and air conditioning systems such as windowmounted. The refrigeration cycle is a closed loop of gas which undergoes four stages. These include r404a, r422a, r422d, r507, which will be phased out to reduce emissions.
Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver. This is a refrigeration cycle diagram of regular central air conditioner units. Some basic refrigeration cycles are discussed here through different diagrams. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day.
Theoretical evaluation of r22 and r502 alternatives. Refrigerants and the refrigeration system determine the pressures. Performance analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system with r404a, r407c and r410a jyoti soni 1 and r c gupta corresponding author. R507 is suitable as a replacement for r22 in flooded refrigeration systems. The refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. The calculating results show that, in the conventional refrigeration cycle crc, the mixture r32r4a has a close performance to that is obtainable with pure refrigerant r22. Both a steadystate and a transient simulation will be considered. In the refrigeration system, the representative performance characteristics are compressor power. R22 has been replaced most commonly in new systems with r410a which is a modern refrigerant that does not cause damage to the ozone layer. R22 refrigerant in standard vapour compression cycle of refrigeration system. Other liquids, including some known as refrigerants, produce even lower temperatures when they evaporate. The refrigeration systems commonly used for air conditioning can be classified by the type of input energy and the refrigeration process as follows. Oct 12, 2012 this video is an animation of how the refrigeration cycle works, with each components function.
Download fulltext pdf these data have been used to plot forecast ph and ts diagrams for other fluoropropylenes r1243zf. This is often measured at the liquids boiling point. No previous research was found on this specific subject. Theoretical evaluation of r22 and r502 alternatives piotr a. Layout of the r22 vapourcompression refrigeration system. Simulation analysis of compression refrigeration cycle. Otherwise, its full potential as a heat transfer device will not be utilized. The bubble to the left is the portion of the diagram where.
Management guideline for the phaseout of refrigerant r22. Largescale systems for breweries, slaughterhouses, cold storage houses and ice factories as well as refrigeration ships were built for this industry. In this paper, first law and second law thermodynamic analysis for hydrocarbon refrigerants are performed. C for selected three different types refrigerants r22, r32 and r410a in. The simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle is shown in fig. The reversed carnot cycle is the most efficient refrigeration cycle operating. Pdf in this paper, first law and second law thermodynamic analysis for. A familiarity with these diagrams will make this chapter easier. Figure 15 refrigeration cycle on the ph diagram take the structure image of this refrigeration cycle from figure 15, it becomes the ph diagram for engineering calculation as shown in figure 16. The demand for refrigeration originated in the food supply industry. In some applications, r407c systems may need a liquid receiver to.
Hydrocarbons, r290, r1270 and a mixture of r290r1270 of 1585 wt % are used as dropin refrigerant to r22. Chclf2 has less chlorine, a little better for the environment than r12 used. Each stage operates on an ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant r4a as working fluid. For existing air conditioning and refrigeration systems using refrigerant r22 there are really only four options, a. Performance of a new refrigeration cycle using refrigerant mixture r32r4a for residential airconditioner applications article in energy and buildings 4011. These systems consist of an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and an expansion valve. This cycle is often used as a comparison cycle to describe the quality of the cyclic process. The points which are required for engineering calculation are from h 1 to h. The boiling point of a liquid is affected by the pressure exerted on its surface. The different stages in the refrigeration cycle are undergone in these physical systems. Vetriselvan abstract in this analysis, the performance of compression cycle is assessed theoretically with different refrigerants. This is the basic refrigeration cycle applied to a 10 seer r22 fixed orifice air.
There are more fgas regulations coming into force, which will limit the use of hfc in refrigeration by 2030. For similar cooling load, cop is improved by mixing two refrigerants and shows maximum value at 60% mass fraction of. This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour compression refrigeration system using r22 as refrigerant. We use the same thermodynamic cycle today, though the. In an air or gas expansion system, air or gas is compressed to a high pressure by mechanical energy.
Simulation analysis of compression refrigeration cycle with. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. The refrigeration lab was conducted to gain a better understanding of the vapourcompression refrigeration cycle, and to compare the ideal cycle with the real cycle. Another disadvantage of r407c is based on overall system performance. Compared with that of conventional cycle configuration, the new cycle efficiency can be improved. In this lab dichlorofluoroethane r141b was used as the refrigerant, and the mass flow rate of water coming into the evaporator and the condenser was varied. Performance investigation of natural refrigerant r290 as a. This management guideline for the phaseout of refrigerant r22 was prepared by the state of queensland. R290 as a substitute of r502 and r22 in commercial. This cogitation is to base on idea simple cycle with no losses. Pdf the report addresses issues of plotting the pressureenthalpy and temperatureentropy diagrams of. A plan should be developed to look at alternatives to r22 and assess the priorities in terms of costs, benefits and service continuity. The vapor compression cycle circulates a fluid through a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, in order to absorb heat from a refrigerated space at a low temperature and give off heat at a higher temperature to the surroundings, thus keeping the refrigerated space cool.
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